Many common household substances can be highly toxic to pets, leading to serious illness or even death if ingested or absorbed through the skin. As a responsible pet owner, understanding the risks of common household poisons, recognising the symptoms of poisoning, and knowing what to do in an emergency can make all the difference in protecting your pet’s health.
This article outlines some of the most dangerous household poisons, the symptoms of poisoning, and the appropriate steps to take if your pet is exposed to a toxic substance.
Common Household Poisons for Pets
Antifreeze (Ethylene Glycol)
Antifreeze is highly toxic to pets, particularly dogs and cats, and even small amounts can be fatal. Unfortunately, it has a sweet taste that can attract animals.
Risks: Ethylene glycol poisoning causes severe kidney failure, which can quickly become life-threatening.
Symptoms: Vomiting, lethargy, loss of coordination, excessive thirst, and, in later stages, kidney failure.
What to do: Seek emergency veterinary care immediately. Rapid treatment is critical for survival.
Xylitol (Artificial Sweetener)
Xylitol is commonly found in sugar-free gum, candy, baked goods, and some peanut butters. It is extremely toxic to dogs, even in small amounts.
Risks: Xylitol causes a rapid drop in blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) and can lead to liver failure.
Symptoms: Weakness, vomiting, tremors, seizures, and collapse.
What to do: Contact a veterinarian immediately. Do not wait for symptoms to appear.
Human Medications
Many over-the-counter and prescription medications intended for human use can be harmful or fatal to pets. These include ibuprofen, paracetamol (acetaminophen), antidepressants, and cold/flu medications.
Risks: Toxicity varies depending on the medication but can result in organ failure, ulcers, seizures, or neurological damage.
Symptoms: Vomiting, drooling, lethargy, tremors, jaundice (yellowing of the gums and eyes), or difficulty breathing.
What to do: Never give pets human medication. If accidental ingestion occurs, seek veterinary attention immediately.
Rodenticides (Rat Poison)
Rodenticides are designed to be lethal and can be just as dangerous to pets as they are to rodents.
Risks: Many rat poisons contain anticoagulants, which prevent blood from clotting and cause internal bleeding. Some newer formulations affect the nervous system.
Symptoms: Weakness, difficulty breathing, pale gums, nosebleeds, and coughing up blood.
What to do: If ingestion is suspected, seek veterinary care immediately. Some poisons have antidotes, but early intervention is critical.
Lilies
Many species of lilies, including peace lilies, tiger lilies, and daylilies, are highly toxic to pets, especially cats. Even a small amount of pollen, a leaf, or flower petal can cause severe illness.
Risks: Acute kidney failure in cats.
Symptoms: Drooling, vomiting, lethargy, increased thirst, and dehydration.
What to do: Immediate veterinary care is necessary to prevent irreversible kidney damage.
Read more: Flowers and Plants Toxic to Dogs and Cats (an A-Z guide)
Insecticides (Permethrin – Toxic to Cats)
Permethrin is commonly found in flea and tick treatments for dogs but is highly toxic to cats.
Risks: Exposure can lead to severe neurological symptoms and can be fatal.
Symptoms: Tremors, drooling, twitching, seizures, and loss of coordination.
What to do: If your cat is exposed to permethrin, wash off any residue with mild soap and water and seek emergency veterinary care.
Read more: Permethrin Poisoning in cats (choosing the right tick prevention)
Cleaning Products (Benzalkonium Chloride)
Benzalkonium chloride is found in many household disinfectants, antibacterial sprays, and toilet bowl cleaners.
Risks: Contact with the skin or ingestion can cause significant irritation and toxicity.
Symptoms: Drooling, vomiting, mouth ulcers, skin irritation, and respiratory distress.
What to do: If exposure occurs, rinse affected areas with water and consult a veterinarian.
Bleach
Risks: Chemical burns to the mouth, throat, and digestive system; respiratory distress.
Symptoms: Drooling, vomiting, coughing, difficulty breathing, and lethargy.
What to do: Do not induce vomiting. If ingested, rinse the mouth with water and seek veterinary advice.
Symptoms of Poisoning in Pets
Symptoms of poisoning can vary depending on the toxin, but common signs include:
- Vomiting or drooling
- Lethargy or weakness
- Loss of coordination or tremors
- Swelling of the mouth or face
- Difficulty breathing
- Seizures or unconsciousness
If you suspect poisoning, seek veterinary attention immediately.
What to Do If Your Pet Is Poisoned
- Remove your pet from the source of the toxin. Keep them calm and prevent further exposure.
- Call your veterinarian immediately. Even if your pet appears fine, some toxins take time to take effect.
- Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by a veterinarian. Some substances, like bleach or antifreeze, can cause more harm if vomited.
- If possible, bring the product packaging to the vet. This helps the veterinarian determine the best treatment.
- Follow veterinary instructions carefully. Prompt treatment can mean the difference between life and death.
Prevention Tips
- Store chemicals, medications, and cleaning supplies securely and out of reach.
- Avoid bringing toxic plants, such as lilies, into homes and gardens.
- Dispose of toxic substances properly to prevent accidental ingestion.
- Use pet-safe cleaning products when possible.
By being aware of these common household poisons and taking preventative measures, pet owners can help keep their pets safe from accidental poisoning. If you ever suspect your pet has been exposed to a toxin, seek veterinary care immediately. Prompt action can save a life.
For more information, read our full blog about Pets and Poisons.